Children all have different temperaments, personalities and energy levels. Children even mature at various rates. Children will become distracted, struggle to concentrate periodically and act impulsively. Sometimes normal behavior can be mistaken for ADHD. These symptoms will typically show up early, often from the ages of three to six, and since they can vary from child to child, the diagnosis can be difficult.
Parents may notice children losing interest sooner than others or seem out of control. Many times teachers will notice signs and symptoms first, particularly when a child spaces out frequently or refuses to follow the rules.
Therapy can aid in gathering information about a child and the behavior patterns and the environment. Speaking with someone with experience in childhood mental disorders, including ADHD can help. Other possibilities will be ruled out first during the therapy sessions.
During therapy, the following will be determined about a child:
- Has depression, anxiety or any psychiatric issues that may cause symptoms similar to ADHD
- Has been affected by sudden or significant change, including death or divorce
Other things used for diagnosis will include:
- School and medical records for clues
- Child’s home or school settings appear stressful or are disrupted
- Information from child’s parents and teachers
- Consultations from babysitters, coaches or anyone else who knows the child
Additional questions asked will include:
- Are behaviors long-term and excessive? Are they affecting all aspects of a child’s life?
- Are the behaviors happening more often with this child in comparison to peers?
- Are behaviors an ongoing issue or due to a temporary issue?
- Are the behaviors happening in one setting or multiple settings?
Situations specifically looked at may include:
- Highly structured versus less structured situations
- Situations requiring a significant amount of attention
- Social situations
Children with ADHD typically control behaviors better in situations where they can receive individual attention and when participating in fun activities. Additional tests may be given for intellect and academics to rule out a learning disability.
Once all information is gathered, it will be determined whether a child has ADHD and will be diagnosed as such.